Constraint of DNA on functionalized graphene improves its biostability and specificity.

Graphene, a single-layer carbon crystal, is attracting increasing attention from the physical, chemical, and biomedical fields as a novel nanomaterial with many exceptional features including excellent electrical conductivity, high surface-tovolume ratio, remarkable mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. Recently, functionalized graphene has been successfully used inmany biomedical and bioassay applications and showspromising potentials in thesefields. For instance,Liu et al. used PEGylated graphene oxide for delivery of waterinsoluble cancer drugs to cancer cells. The Berry group demonstrated a graphene-based biodevice for bacterium assay and DNA detection. Lu et al. designed a graphene-based biosensorplatform forDNAandproteindetection.Anget al. developed a pH sensor using solution-gated epitaxial graphene. Czarnecki et al. explored the use of graphene as a functional interface for tissue scaffolds and medical implants. Undoubtedly, a better understanding of the molecular interactions between graphene and biomolecules will accelerate its use in biological applications. Here, we chose to study the interactions between functionalized graphene and DNA, a fundamental core component in living systems. The interactions between DNA and nanomaterials, as well as the effects on DNA have been explored and utilized to develop sensitive biosensors, robust DNA carriers, and targeted drugdelivery systems. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and DNA were used to study the interaction between biomolecules and fabricated biosensors, in which the enhanced